12.06.07

Article on the Local Church, Pt. 3

Posted in Uncategorized at 10:54 am by Perry

This is the third and final part of my article on the Local Church.

Divine Mingling

Divine mingling is a doctrine taught first by Watchman Nee and subsequently Witness Lee and is not commonly taught among members of the Local Church. Essentially, the doctrine of mingling states that the Holy Spirit who is eternally and fully divine enters into a believer and “mingles” with the spirit of believers so that the two become indistinguishable. In essence, the believer shares the divine nature and “whereby man becomes divine, possessing the very life, nature, and essence of God. Likewise, God the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit, are said to possess the very life, nature, and essence of mankind” [23].

The following quotations from Lee make clear his teachings on this issue:

Do you know what it means to be a real Christian? To be a real Christian simply means to be mingled with God, to be a God-man. It is not enough to be a good man; we have to be a God-man. A good man might be a man of the tree of knowledge, the result of which is death (Gen. 2:17). A God-man is a man of the tree of life (Gen. 2:9). In his spirit, God is mingled; in his heart, God is dwelling; in his soul-mind, emotion, and will-God is occupying. This is a real, normal Christian…We would realize that we are “peculiar,” “strange,” set apart from society because God is mingled with us. [24]

The eternal purpose of God is to mingle Himself with humanity. He is working toward this one thing today. This oneness is not simply a joining or uniting together; it is far more than this. It is a mingling together, a blending together, which is much deeper. It is a mingling of the divine nature with the human nature until they become one. The entire Scripture is concerned with this one basic and central matter, that of God mingling Himself with us….When God becomes our life, He will automatically be mingled with us. [25]

The issue of the Triune God entering into and mingling with us, the tripartite man, is that we become one with the Triune God (John 17:21a, 23a) and are one spirit with the Triune God (1 Cor. 6:17) as a hybrid entity of divinity and humanity blended together. Every saved person is a hybrid of divinity and humanity mingled together. The dual nature of this hybrid is the divine with the human. Though we are human beings, we have God within us. Since God and man have become one entity, we are the God-men. This hybrid entity of God mingled with man is just the Triune God who possesses divinity with humanity, mingled with the tripartite man, who possesses humanity with divinity (Rom. 8:6, 10-11). [26]

The incarnation of the Triune God brought God into man, and His resurrection brought man into God. Through this kind of traffic, a wonderful mingling takes place. Now, in His resurrection, God is mingled with man and man is mingled with God. Thus, man and God, God and man, are one. How wonderful this is! In this mingling, God made the believers of Christ sons of God. These sons of God are human and divine. God can say to His believers, “I am divine and human,” and His believers can reply, “Praise You, Lord. You are divine and human, and we are human and divine. [27]

Because of the indwelling Spirit in our spirit, we are joined to the Lord as one spirit (1 Cor. 6:17). It is a wonder that our human spirit is mingled or joined with the divine Spirit into one! The two spirits have been merged into one spirit. The relationship between us and God has arrived at such a marvelous state that we and God are one in the spirit. [28]

What does it mean to be born of God? To be born of God means that the very life, nature, and essence of the divine Being comes into our being. This is wonderful! We all have the life, nature, and very divine essence born into us….Do you believe that when the divine nature comes into us it remains separated from our nature? In the past I have been opposed for teaching the mingling of God with man. First Corinthians 6:17 says, “But he that is joined unto the Lord is one spirit.” We are one spirit with the Lord. To illustrate this matter of mingling, I have used the illustration of tea being mingled with water. If we put a tea bag into a glass of plain water, the tea is immediately mingled with the water. When the divine element enters into our being, it is mingled with us even more than the tea with the water! This divine Person is being mingled with our very nature. Whosoever confesses that Jesus is the Son of God abides in God, and God abides in him. We have the divine life, nature, essence, and even the divine Person abiding in us. This is why we are now one spirit with Him. It is not so much that God is lowering Himself, but that He is uplifting us. We are the uplifted humanity. We are not a common being. We are being uplifted by regeneration, which is God coming into us. [29]

Some of the critics condemn the matter of the mingling of God with man. These critics lack knowledge. God and man are not only mingled, but even compounded. In Exodus 30 we have the olive oil compounded with the four spices. When tea is put into water, that is mingling. But when four spices are added to oil to produce an ointment, that is compounding. Compounding involves more than mingling. Compounding implies mingling, but mingling is not as thorough as compounding. Hallelujah, God has been compounded with humanity! [30].

For God to become man means He is a God-man. Like, for man to become God, it doesn’t mean that we leave our humanity. We are still human. We are both God and man. God was God first and man later, while we are man first and God later. The result of God becoming a man is that He enters into us, and yet continues to sit in heavens. The result of man becoming God is that we become completely like God. What the Lord Jesus was, likewise we will be.… [30b]

Lee gets more specific and says that Just as Jesus is eternal God who took on flesh, so too we as believers in Jesus become one with the Divine nature:

The real expression of Christ is the enlargement of Christ Himself. It is Christ as the manifestation of God mingled with us….Everyone of us has been saturated with the nature of Christ and built up together in Him. Christ is of two natures, the human and the divine, and we are the same: we are of the human nature, but covered with the divine. He is the God-man, and we are the God-men. He is the ark made of wood covered with gold, and we are the boards made of wood covered with gold. In number we are different, but in nature we are exactly the same. [31]

He (Jesus) possesses both the divine nature and the human nature. By believing in Him, we are born again and become His brothers. When we are born again, we receive the divine nature. Thus, He has both the divine nature and the human nature, and we have both the human nature and the divine nature. [32]

The leaders go so far to say that we, as believers, become God/Gods:

Sooner or later, you have to be made God…. All of God’s redeemed people will eventually become gods as the very God in life, in nature, and in appearance but not in the Godhead. [33]

Because we have been born of God, we have the life and nature of God, and in this sense we are God. [34]

Lets discuss this teaching and the natural implications it has. First, we must see that the Bible does teach that in one sense believers do become “partakers of the Divine nature” which is in conflict with our fleshly sin nature spoken of in 2 Peter 1:3-4 and 1 Corinthians 8:6. This is commonly called imparted righteousness whereby believers become receive the righteousness of Jesus, which serves as the basis for the believer’s sanctification [35].

Witness Lee and his followers confuse the idea of imparted righteousness with a distorted understanding of sanctification to give rise to their teaching on Divine mingling. We are sanctified by the work of the Holy Spirit transforming us sequentially into the image of God, not into God Himself:

2 Corinthians 3:18

And we all, with unveiled face, beholding the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same imaged from one degree of glory to another. For this comes from the Lord who is the Spirit.

We are glorified when Jesus returns and we receive our resurrected bodies (1 Corinthians 15:35-58, 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17, 1 Corinthians 15:52) as the completion of our the sequence in Romans 8 that starts with God’s foreknowledge and ends in our glorification (Romans 8:28-30).

We are, in this life, being perfected to be made into the image of Christ through the work of the Spirit in our lives. Note that the Scriptures do not say that the Spirit makes us into God’s nature as Lee suggests. We will one day be glorified and receive resurrected bodies but we will eternally be distinct from God’s Divine nature. While sanctification and glorification are natural consequences of receiving faith they are do not imply the Divine mingling described by Lee and his followers.

Verses mentioned earlier as key verses for the doctrine of Divine mingling include 2 Peter 1:3-4 and 1 Corinthians 8:6. Note that Peter says that we participate in the Divine nature, not that we become the Divine nature. This is in accordance with the teachings of Paul about our sanctification without suggesting that we are in fact possessing the nature of God. Secondly, note from 2 Corinthians that Paul says that we live in Jesus. This has been taken to means that we posses Jesus’ nature but in fact it simply suggests that we reside in Jesus and was created both by and for Jesus (Colossians 1:16, John 1:3).

In conclusion, we believe that there is one God who is jealous of His nature and name. We should be careful to maintain the integrity of God’s nature and the truth of how we are sanctified and glorified without confusing the possession of God’s Divine nature. We should love God and not assume for ourselves something so sacred that is not taught in God’s revelation.

Their Attitude toward other Churches:

Watchman Nee, Witness Lee and the Local Church are most commonly known for their anti-denominational sentiments. In fact, Watchman Nee was heavily influenced by the Plymouth Brethren Church that was founded by John Nelson Darby which is known for its teachings against denominations [36]. The Local Church views itself as the “Lord’s Recovery” that is recovering the current Church for its state of corruption. They claim that the recovery began in the reformation and is coming to completion through their ministry. Read what the Local Church has to say about this recovery:

The word ‘recover’ means to obtain again something that has been lost, or to return something to a normal condition. ‘Recovery’ means the restoration or return to a normal condition after a damage or a loss has been incurred. To say that God is recovering certain matters means that in the course of church history they have been lost, misused, or corrupted and that God is restoring them to their original state or condition. [37]

Because the church has become degraded through the many centuries of its history, it needs to be restored according to God’s original intention. Concerning the church, our vision is governed not by the present situation nor by traditional practice, but by God’s original intention and by His unchanging standard as revealed in His Word. We regard the New Testament revelation of the church not merely as a historical antecedent, but as the norm for church practice in the present day. [38]

The local church believes that this recovery began in the Reformation, continued through the Plymouth Brethren and not is being heralded by the Local Church through the writings of Watchman Nee and Witness Lee:

God’s recovery did not begin in the twentieth century. Although it is difficult to fix an exact date for its beginning, it is convenient to set it at the time of the Reformation. The recovery has gone through several stages since the Reformation, passing through the partial recovery of the church life in Bohemia under the leadership of Zinzendorf, moving on to the unveiling of the many precious Bible truths through the Plymouth Brethren, and then going on to the genuine experience of the inner life. Now it has reached its present stage with the establishment of genuine local churches as the expression of the Body of Christ. [39].

The Local Church now teaches that all denominations have deviated from Biblical truth. They have even produced their own translation of the Bible called The Recovery Version that is saturated with the commentary of Witness Lee expounding his theology regarding these and previously mentioned issues (many pages in their Bible have only a few verses with the remainder of the text on the page containing Lee’s commentary) [40].

When asked directly whether Lee thought that other Church’s have access to salvation through Jesus Christ, Lee often would speak vaguely to sound as if he did not teach negatively against other bodies:

We stand on the genuine unity of the Body of Christ. We are not sectarian, nor denominational, nor nondenominational, nor interdenominational. [41]

Unfortunately, when we read the Writings of Lee it become clearly evident that he believes and openly teaches that all Churches outside of the Local Church are of Satan and not in fellowship with God:

Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, as well as Judaism, all…[have] become an organization of Satan as his tool to damage God’s economy. [42]

Christianity is not focused on the divine economy but is a human religion saturated with demonic and satanic things. [43]

We must stay away from the practice of the deformed and degraded Christianity and come back to the divine revelation for the Lord’s recovery…. The traditional way of [church] meeting…builds up something satanic and demonic. [44]

Christianity is just the expression of dead religion… [45]

This teaching, by extension, leads to the understanding that no other Christian Churches have access to salvation through Jesus Christ. Such churches (i.e. all churches besides the Local Church) do not truly worship God; therefore, the only way to salvation through faith in Jesus Christ is through the Local Church:

The only way to follow the Lord absolutely is to go the way of the local church. [46]

The Lord is not building His church in Christendom, which is composed of the apostate Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant denominations. This prophecy [in Matthew 16:18, where Jesus said He would “build My church”] is being fulfilled through the Lord’s recovery, in which the building of the genuine church is being accomplished. [47]

The reformed church, though recovered to the Lord’s word to some extent, has denied the Lord’s name by denominating herself, taking many other names, such as Lutheran, Wesleyan, Anglican, Presbyterian, Baptist, etc. The recovered church not only has returned in a full way to the Lord’s word but also has abandoned all names other than that of the Lord Jesus Christ. The recovered church belongs to the Lord absolutely, having nothing to do with any denominations (any names). To deviate from the Lord’s word is apostasy, and to denominate the church by taking any name other than the Lord’s is spiritual fornication…. the church in the Lord’s recovery has the revelation and presence of the Lord and expresses the Lord in a living way, full of light and with the riches of life. [48]

I do not believe that we can classify the Local Church as a cult based solely on their beliefs regarding anti-denominational teachings. None the less, they have gone wayward by again distorting the Gospel and claiming that one must both believe in Jesus AND be in the right church to be truly saved. There are many other bodies of believers have have negative sentiments towards other denominations (commonly, Baptists) but the Local Church deviates further to say that all denominations have gone astray from the Gospel.

Let me say quickly that there are many denominations that teach and behave as if they have forgotten the truth of the Gospel and commonly engage and encourage acts in direct defiance of Scripture. Furthermore, I do believe in absolute truth. The Local Church gets confused, though, in that absolute truth resides in Jesus Christ (John 14:6) and not in the teachings on men (Mark 7:6-13) or one Church. While denominations can go astray into the hands of Satan, the worth of a body of believers congregated in a Church body is measured by their reliance on their faith, hope, and love in Jesus and their commitment to maintain the integrity of the truth of the Bible; not by the teachings of men who claim they shed a special light of truth onto the Word of God.

The Local Church teaches that every city should have only one Church named after that city in accordance with the model revealed in the New Testament (i.e. the Church at Corinth, the Church and Ephesus, etc…). They fail to recognize the expanse of the Gospel and great number of believers in the body of Christ today as the Gospel has saturated the nations. It is a noble goal indeed to see a unified body of Christ. Unfortunately, there will always be theological differences that we must make distinctions on for the integrity of the truth of Scripture. We are united by our love for Jesus and our faith in His life, death and resurrection. The universal Church as the Bride of Christ is defined by this issue, not the building we meet in on Sundays or the teachers we affiliates ourselves with.

Purgatory:

The final doctrine we will be examining will be Watchman Nee’s teachings regarding an intermediate state whereby an unrepentant person will go to hell for a period until he is given the opportunity to repent at another time. This resembles in a form the Roman Catholic’s teachings regarding purgatory but is more heavily rooted in Nee’s dispensational theology. Nee believed and taught that during the 1,000 year millennial kingdom that people who had once been condemned to hell for being unrepentant will be given the opportunity to repent and turn to Jesus in faith to enter into Heaven:

If a person has become a Christian but his hands or feet sin all the time, he will suffer the punishment of the eternal fire in the kingdom of the heavens. He will not suffer this punishment eternally, but will suffer it only in the age of the kingdom (Meaning the 1000 year Millennial Kingdom). [49]

If a Christian has any unrepented of and unconfessed sins, which are not forgiven, he will suffer the Gehenna of fire. In the coming age, there is still the possibility of forgiveness, but one cannot come out until he pays the last quadrans and clears up everything with his brother. [50]

I mention this final doctrine of Nee’s and the Local Church because it is in direct violation of what scripture teaches about the nature of a mans soul. The writer of Hebrew’s teaches that man is “it is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment” (Hebrews 9:27). The Bible says that we are given this life to repent of sin trust in Jesus as Lord and Savior and then comes the judgement. This is important because God is both just and the justifier of those who have faith in Jesus Christ (Romans 3:26). Never does God say that this justice extends into a time when dead, unrepentant sinners will be given the chance to repentance.

[I would note quickly that Nee’s teaching on this intermediate state (i.e. purgatory) is not in itself sufficient to classify the Local Church as a cult. This teaching comes as a natural consequence of Nee’s dispensational theology that is commonly taught in many evangelical, usually Baptist, circles. The commonality of this teaching, though, does not justify its error. For a good article on the unbiblical nature of the teaching of purgatory, see C.A.R.M. [51].

Misc. Doctrines and Actions:

In addition to the above mentioned unbiblical doctrines, there are many other teachings and actions of the Local Church that are, at best, peculiar. The following doctrines and actions have not been heavily researched and are mentioned simply for further independent study:

(1) Litigation – The Local Church is famous for entering into litigation against anyone who writes anything against them or accuses them of unorthodox teachings. Lee and the Local Church has brought litigation against Neil T. Duddy for writing the God-Men which provided a critical overview of the Local Church’s controversial teachings. The Local Church has also brought litigation against Harvest House Publishers including specific authors claiming that their label of the Local Church as a cult was libel and defamatory [52].

The Local Church has a history of using the courts to quench anyone who disagrees with their teachings. This is, at best, curious and should raise concern over why the Local Church feels it necessary to prevent any disagreement with their teachings from being openly discussed.

(2) Recovery Version and Exclusive Literature – The Local Church has produced its own translation of the Bible and encourages all of its members to exclusively read this translation. The Recovery Version has contains extensive footnotes written by Lee that often occupy the majority of the text on a given page. The extensive footnotes allow for the interjection of Lee’s theology to exclusively influence a person’s understanding of a text.

The encouragement of the exclusive use of one translation sounds eerily similar to methods used by other cults such as Jehovah’s Witnesses and Mormons that only allow one translation to be used by their members. Read what Lee has to say to people who are new to the Local Church from a one-month daily devotion booklet for new converts:

First, a Christian needs a proper version of the Bible to progress in his Christian life. Therefore, you need to purchase a Recovery Version. This version is the best translation of the New Testament available today. It is up-to-date and easy to read. It has an outline to help you obtain an overview of what you are reading. It contains footnotes to explain some of the hard-to-understand truths. It also has references to help you locate verses that corresponds to the verses you are reading for your study [53].

In addition to the Recovery Version, Lee and the Local Church only recommend their followers to read their writings and to not invest time in read other theologians, apologists and/or Christian writers:

I do not feel burdened to charge the saints to go home and study beyond what is in the truth lessons, but all the elders should promote the reading of the Recovery Version (the Local Church New Testament), the gold bar, in the homes plus all the Life-studies (Bible commentaries) and other publications by the Living Stream Ministry. These will be their library books. Besides attending the meetings to learn the truth, they should read these spiritual publications every day.” [54]

My burden is that we must take good care of the young ones among us. Do not bring them into peril so that they will be occupied with the wrong things. We have a pure system of publications which comprise all the main things of the divine, spiritual, and heavenly things. These publications are very adequate for all the young saints among us to have a good foundation laid and a strong standing established. Then they could go on, not to learn more things from the old books, but to check the old books and get themselves confirmed. For us to bring the young ones into the old books without consideration is a peril and a risk. It is not safe. What you young ones can use as reference books, however, are the dictionaries, lexicons, and concordances ….These are the only things which I would recommend for you young ones to use-the lexicons, the dictionaries of languages, and the concordances of the Bible. [55]

We do not need to control the saints, and even more we do not need to stop them from reading what they want. As leaders in the Lord’s recovery, however, we should conduct the saints the right way….The publications which can help and serve the Lord’s recovery in carrying out His New Testament economy for the fulfillment of His heart’s desire, I still would say, are the Life-studies and the Recovery Version with the notes. Since this is the case, why would we not wisely conduct the church toward this way? For example, if someone asks us the best way to drive to Phoenix, we should conduct him to the straightest way. [56]

While Lee and the Local Church does not officially forbid their followers to read outside source they present the idea that truth does not exist outside of their publishing companies. The reading of outside material, while not forbidden, is highly discouraged. We must ask ourselves why they control what their members read and what their intention is in doing so.

Conclusion:

This short essay has attempted to point out many of the doctrinal errors believed and taught by Watchman Nee, Witness Lee and their followers composing the body of the Local Church. The primary goal of the article was to bring to attention many of the teachings of the Local Church that distort the Gospel and are in direct conflict with Biblical truths. Where appropriate, counter-arguments were provided or other resources for further reading were suggested.

There are a great many biblical scholars and apologists who have conducted more extensive research into this topic. I would commend to you the work of Jim Moran who has provided the most thorough investigation into the heretical nature of the teachings and actions of the Local Church. Unfortunately, after his death the Local Church seized the rights to all of his writings and web-sites [57] but his writings can now be accessed through web archives [58]. For further reading, the work done by the two apologetic organizations, The Bereans and Apologetics Index, are extensive and profitable for research [59]. All of these sources and more can be found in the useful resources section at the end of the article.

I have seen personally seen the effects of the Local Church’s deceptive methods of bringing young sincere believers into their midst and failing to be open about their more controversial, unorthodox teachings until members become too heavily involved to easily leave. These same tactics are commonly used among other cults of Christianity (i.e. Mormons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, etc…).

To all members of the Local Church and/or anyone currently involved in any branch of the Local Church (Living Stream Ministry, Bibles for America, Life and Truth, Christians on Campus, etc…) please make every effort to investigate what you are being taught and whether it is in accordance with the truths of Scripture. It is my prayer that many people may come to realize that they have been deceived and will come into the light and flee the darkness (Luke 11:33-36). May the Lord be glorified and honored to this end, AMEN!

End Notes:

[23]http://web.archive.org/web/20030108115905/www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~dazuma/lcinfo/lotm/mingling.html

[24] Witness Lee, The Four Major Steps of Christ (LSM: 1969) 7. Originally printed in The Stream magazine (LSM: Dec. 1964) 3.

[25] Witness Lee, The Divine Stream (LSM: 1976) 8. Originally printed in The Stream magazine (LSM: Aug. 1963) 2.

[26] Witness Lee, A Thorough View of the Body of Christ (LSM: 1990) 28.

[27] Witness Lee, The Triune God to be Life to the Tripartite Man (LSM: 1990) 51-52.

[28] Witness Lee, Living In and With the Divine Trinity (LSM: 1990) 110.

[29] Witness Lee, The Stream magazine (LSM: Feb. 1977) 9-10.

[30] Witness Lee, The Spirit and the Body, 2nd ed. (LSM: 1989) 29.

[30b] The Economy, October 1994, Issue No. 29.

[31] Witness Lee, The All-Inclusive Christ, 5th ed. (LSM: 1989) 103.

[32] Witness Lee, The Spirit and the Body 58, parenthetical note added.

[33] Witness Lee, The Practical Points Concerning Blending, fifth printing, 2001 (Anaheim, CA: Living Stream Ministry, 1994), p. 46.

[34] Ron Kangas, “Becoming God,” Affirmation & Critique (October 2002), p. 20. This entire issue of Affirmation & Critique can also be accessed online at http://www.affcrit.com/archives/ac_02_02.html.

[35] http://www.theopedia.com/Imparted_righteousness

[36] http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/loca.html
[37] The Co-workers in the Lord’s Recovery. “The Beliefs and Practices of the Local Churches” (1978). Http://www.contendingforthefaith.com/summary/booklets/beliefs.html.

[38] Ibid

[39] Ibid

[40] http://www.recoveryversion.org/

[41] www.thebereans.net/arm-wlee.shtml

[42] The New Testament Recovery Version, note 95, third printing, 2001 (Anaheim, CA: Living Stream Ministry, 1991), p. 1247.

[43] Witness Lee, The God–Ordained Way to Practice the New Testament Economy (Anaheim, CA: Living Stream Ministry, 1987), p. 29.

[44] Witness Lee, The God–Ordained Way to Practice the New Testament Economy (Anaheim, CA: Living Stream Ministry, 1987), p. 35.

[45] Witness Lee, Christ Versus Religion, fifth printing, 1999 (Anaheim, CA: Living Stream Ministry, 1971), p. 184

[46] Witness Lee, The Practical Expression of the Church, fourth printing, 2001 (Anaheim, CA: Living Stream Ministry, 1970), p. 89.

[47] The New Testament Recovery Version, note 184, third printing, 2001 (Anaheim, CA: Living Stream Ministry, 1991), p. 99.

[48] The New Testament Recovery Version, note 83, third printing, 2001 (Anaheim, CA: Living Stream Ministry, 1991), p. 1256.

[49] Nee, Watchman. The Gospel of God, Volume III. Cited from http://www.bcbsr.com/topics/lc.html.

[50] Ibid

[51] http://www.carm.org/catholic/purgatory.htm

[52] http://www.apologeticsindex.org/l40.html#legal

[53] “The Way To Begin A Normal Christian Living,” 6.

[54] Lee, Witness, “The Life-Pulse of the Lord’s Present Move”, Elders’ Training, Book #8 (LSM: 1986) 83. Parenthetical notes added as quoted by Moran, Jim in Local Church Publications, p. 1.

[55] “The Practice of the Lord’s Recovery”, Elders’ Training, Book #4 (LSM: 1985), 15-16.

[56] Ibid., 26.

[57] http://www.apologeticsindex.org/l40.html#consumeralert

[58] http://web.archive.org/web/20030207113510/www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~dazuma/lcinfo/

[59] ;

Useful Resources:

http://www.bcbsr.com/topics/lc.html

http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/loca.html

http://www.apologeticsindex.org/l40.html

http://www.thebereans.net/prof-cor.shtml

http://web.archive.org/web/20030207113510/www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~dazuma/lcinfo/

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